Legit CJC-1295

References · the cited record

The CJC-1295 references behind every claim on this site

Every quantitative statement in this digest resolves to one of these sources. PubMed and DOI links are provided so each CJC-1295 claim can be checked directly.

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How to use this list

These are the CJC-1295 references cited throughout the site. The human pharmacokinetic studies — Teichman 2006 [1] and Ionescu/Frohman 2006 [3] — and the Jette 2005 bioconjugation study [2] carry the load-bearing quantitative claims; the animal, proteomic, analytical, and review citations support the surrounding context. Each entry below links to PubMed or to the DOI so the original can be read in full.

Where a numeric value disagrees across registry sources — the molecular formula and molecular weight of CJC-1295 are recorded inconsistently across chemical registries — the digest flags the disagreement rather than asserting one figure as settled. The references are the record; this site is the reading of it.

The evidence tiers, named

The citations fall into three tiers, and the site treats them differently. The human pharmacokinetic work is the established tier: Teichman 2006 for the GH/IGF-1 kinetics and the 5.8-to-8.1-day half-life [1], and Ionescu/Frohman 2006 for the preserved pulsatility [3]. The preclinical and mechanistic tier is the animal and protein work: Jette 2005 for the albumin bioconjugation in rats [2], Alba 2006 for once-daily growth normalization in GHRH-knockout mice [4], and Sackmann-Sala 2009 for the serum-proteome signature [5].

The context tier is the reviews and the safety epidemiology: the 2025 Nature Reviews Endocrinology synthesis of GHRH and its analogues [6], the 2024 GHRH-analog development review [7], the tesamorelin outcomes analysis as the approved-comparator benchmark [8], the 2026 review of approved and unapproved peptide therapies [9], and the Renehan 2004 meta-analysis linking IGF-1 to cancer risk [11], which grounds the theoretical safety concern.

The anti-doping analytical record

A distinct cluster of citations concerns detection rather than pharmacology, and it matters for two reasons: it documents that CJC-1295 is identifiable in real products, and it underpins the compound's prohibited status in sport. CJC-1295 was structurally confirmed by LC-MS/MS as the active ingredient in a seized "GHRH" preparation [10] — evidence that what a product claims and what it contains are separate questions.

The methods literature has since matured: reviews of advances in detecting GHRH synthetic analogs [12], an antibody-free ultrafiltration-based assay [13], and chromatographic-mass-spectrometric methods for the 2-to-10-kDa peptide size class that includes CJC-1295 [14]. This is why detection is well established and why the World Anti-Doping Agency can enforce the Section S2 prohibition. The analytical tier is not about benefit or harm; it is about identity, and identity is the first thing a due-diligence reading needs.

  1. Teichman SL, Neale A, Lawrence B, Gagnon C, Castaigne JP, Frohman LA. Prolonged stimulation of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I secretion by CJC-1295, a long-acting analog of GH-releasing hormone, in healthy adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91(3):799-805. ↗
  2. Jette L, Leger R, Thibaudeau K, Benquet C, Robitaille M, Pellerin I, et al. Human growth hormone-releasing factor (hGRF)1-29-albumin bioconjugates activate the GRF receptor on the anterior pituitary in rats: identification of CJC-1295 as a long-lasting GRF analog. Endocrinology. 2005;146(7):3052-3058. ↗
  3. Ionescu M, Frohman LA. Pulsatile secretion of growth hormone (GH) persists during continuous stimulation by CJC-1295, a long-acting GH-releasing hormone analog. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91(12):4792-4797. ↗
  4. Alba M, Fintini D, Sagazio A, Lawrence B, Castaigne JP, Frohman LA, Salvatori R. Once-daily administration of CJC-1295, a long-acting growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) analog, normalizes growth in the GHRH knockout mouse. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2006;291(6):E1290-E1294. ↗
  5. Sackmann-Sala L, Ding J, Frohman LA, Kopchick JJ. Activation of the GH/IGF-1 axis by CJC-1295, a long-acting GHRH analog, results in serum protein profile changes in normal adult subjects. Growth Horm IGF Res. 2009;19(6):471-477. ↗
  6. Granata R, Leone S, Zhang X, Gesmundo I, et al. Growth hormone-releasing hormone and its analogues in health and disease. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2025;21(3):180-195. ↗
  7. The development of growth hormone-releasing hormone analogs: therapeutic advances in cancer, regenerative medicine, and metabolic disease. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2024. ↗
  8. Body composition, hepatic fat, metabolic, and safety outcomes of tesamorelin. Obes Res Clin Pract. 2026. ↗
  9. Safety and efficacy of approved and unapproved peptide therapies for musculoskeletal conditions. Sports Med. 2026. ↗
  10. Henninge J, Pepaj M, Hullstein I, Hemmersbach P. Identification of CJC-1295, a growth-hormone-releasing peptide, in an unknown pharmaceutical preparation. Drug Test Anal. 2010;2(11-12):647-650. ↗
  11. Renehan AG, Zwahlen M, Minder C, O'Dwyer ST, Shalet SM, Egger M. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF binding protein-3, and cancer risk: systematic review and meta-regression analysis. Lancet. 2004;363(9418):1346-1353. ↗
  12. Advances in the detection of growth hormone releasing hormone synthetic analogs. Drug Test Anal. 2021. ↗
  13. An antibody-free, ultrafiltration-based assay for the detection of growth hormone-releasing hormone analogs. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2022. ↗
  14. Chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of peptidic analytes (2-10 kDa) in doping control. J Mass Spectrom. 2024. ↗