# CJC-1295 References: The Cited Literature > CJC-1295 references: the full citation list behind this digest, with PubMed and DOI links to the human pharmacokinetic studies, the bioconjugation work, and the GHRH-analog reviews. Every quantitative statement in this digest resolves to one of these sources. PubMed and DOI links are provided so each CJC-1295 claim can be checked directly. ## How to use this list These are the CJC-1295 references cited throughout the site. The human pharmacokinetic studies — Teichman 2006 [1] and Ionescu/Frohman 2006 [3] — and the Jette 2005 bioconjugation study [2] carry the load-bearing quantitative claims; the animal, proteomic, analytical, and review citations support the surrounding context. Each entry below links to PubMed or to the DOI so the original can be read in full. Where a numeric value disagrees across registry sources — the molecular formula and molecular weight of CJC-1295 are recorded inconsistently across chemical registries — the digest flags the disagreement rather than asserting one figure as settled. The references are the record; this site is the reading of it. ## The evidence tiers, named The citations fall into three tiers, and the site treats them differently. The human pharmacokinetic work is the established tier: Teichman 2006 for the GH/IGF-1 kinetics and the 5.8-to-8.1-day half-life [1], and Ionescu/Frohman 2006 for the preserved pulsatility [3]. The preclinical and mechanistic tier is the animal and protein work: Jette 2005 for the albumin bioconjugation in rats [2], Alba 2006 for once-daily growth normalization in GHRH-knockout mice [4], and Sackmann-Sala 2009 for the serum-proteome signature [5]. The context tier is the reviews and the safety epidemiology: the 2025 Nature Reviews Endocrinology synthesis of GHRH and its analogues [6], the 2024 GHRH-analog development review [7], the tesamorelin outcomes analysis as the approved-comparator benchmark [8], the 2026 review of approved and unapproved peptide therapies [9], and the Renehan 2004 meta-analysis linking IGF-1 to cancer risk [11], which grounds the theoretical safety concern. ## The anti-doping analytical record A distinct cluster of citations concerns detection rather than pharmacology, and it matters for two reasons: it documents that CJC-1295 is identifiable in real products, and it underpins the compound's prohibited status in sport. CJC-1295 was structurally confirmed by LC-MS/MS as the active ingredient in a seized "GHRH" preparation [10] — evidence that what a product claims and what it contains are separate questions. The methods literature has since matured: reviews of advances in detecting GHRH synthetic analogs [12], an antibody-free ultrafiltration-based assay [13], and chromatographic-mass-spectrometric methods for the 2-to-10-kDa peptide size class that includes CJC-1295 [14]. This is why detection is well established and why the World Anti-Doping Agency can enforce the Section S2 prohibition. The analytical tier is not about benefit or harm; it is about identity, and identity is the first thing a due-diligence reading needs. ## References [1] Teichman SL, Neale A, Lawrence B, Gagnon C, Castaigne JP, Frohman LA. Prolonged stimulation of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I secretion by CJC-1295, a long-acting analog of GH-releasing hormone, in healthy adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91(3):799-805. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16352683/ [2] Jette L, Leger R, Thibaudeau K, Benquet C, Robitaille M, Pellerin I, et al. Human growth hormone-releasing factor (hGRF)1-29-albumin bioconjugates activate the GRF receptor on the anterior pituitary in rats: identification of CJC-1295 as a long-lasting GRF analog. Endocrinology. 2005;146(7):3052-3058. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15817669/ [3] Ionescu M, Frohman LA. Pulsatile secretion of growth hormone (GH) persists during continuous stimulation by CJC-1295, a long-acting GH-releasing hormone analog. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91(12):4792-4797. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17018654/ [4] Alba M, Fintini D, Sagazio A, Lawrence B, Castaigne JP, Frohman LA, Salvatori R. Once-daily administration of CJC-1295, a long-acting growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) analog, normalizes growth in the GHRH knockout mouse. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2006;291(6):E1290-E1294. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16822960/ [5] Sackmann-Sala L, Ding J, Frohman LA, Kopchick JJ. Activation of the GH/IGF-1 axis by CJC-1295, a long-acting GHRH analog, results in serum protein profile changes in normal adult subjects. Growth Horm IGF Res. 2009;19(6):471-477. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19386527/ [6] Granata R, Leone S, Zhang X, Gesmundo I, et al. Growth hormone-releasing hormone and its analogues in health and disease. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2025;21(3):180-195. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39537825/ [7] The development of growth hormone-releasing hormone analogs: therapeutic advances in cancer, regenerative medicine, and metabolic disease. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2024. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39592529/ [8] Body composition, hepatic fat, metabolic, and safety outcomes of tesamorelin. Obes Res Clin Pract. 2026. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41545261/ [9] Safety and efficacy of approved and unapproved peptide therapies for musculoskeletal conditions. Sports Med. 2026. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41966639/ [10] Henninge J, Pepaj M, Hullstein I, Hemmersbach P. Identification of CJC-1295, a growth-hormone-releasing peptide, in an unknown pharmaceutical preparation. Drug Test Anal. 2010;2(11-12):647-650. https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.233 [11] Renehan AG, Zwahlen M, Minder C, O'Dwyer ST, Shalet SM, Egger M. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF binding protein-3, and cancer risk: systematic review and meta-regression analysis. Lancet. 2004;363(9418):1346-1353. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15110491/ [12] Advances in the detection of growth hormone releasing hormone synthetic analogs. Drug Test Anal. 2021. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34665524/ [13] An antibody-free, ultrafiltration-based assay for the detection of growth hormone-releasing hormone analogs. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2022. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35298973/ [14] Chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of peptidic analytes (2-10 kDa) in doping control. J Mass Spectrom. 2024. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38197510/ --- A spatial reading of the published CJC-1295 record — the human pharmacokinetics floated forward, the DAC and no-DAC forms held apart, the data gaps left in plain view, and no clinic, vendor, or prescription behind the glass.